Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Our Nephrologist Reveals This Silent But Serious Threat to Your Kidneys
31 March 2026
Millions of Malaysians are living with chronic kidney disease, many without even knowing it.
Often described as a “silent condition”, chronic kidney disease (CKD) can develop with little to no noticeable symptoms in its early stages, progressing quietly over time and only becoming apparent when significant kidney damage has already occurred.
In this article, Dr Chiew Yeong Woei, Consultant Nephrologist, shares what chronic kidney disease is, what puts you at risk, and the steps you can take to detect it early and manage it effectively.
What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?
Your kidneys do more than you might think. They filter waste, balance fluids, and regulate blood pressure, all of which are essential for keeping your body functioning smoothly.
Chronic kidney disease occurs when the kidneys become damaged over time, leading to a gradual decline in their ability to function properly. This deterioration often takes place slowly over months or even years, and in many cases, without obvious warning signs until the condition has reached a more advanced stage.
According to Dr Chiew, some of the early symptoms of chronic kidney disease to watch out for include:
- Swelling in the legs
- Foamy urine
- Fatigue
- High blood pressure
Once it progresses to advanced kidney disease, more serious symptoms may develop, such as:
- Shortness of breath
- Persistent itching
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Muscle cramps
- Anaemia
In advanced stages, kidney function may decline to the point where dialysis or a kidney transplant becomes necessary.
What Puts Me at Risk of Developing Chronic Kidney Disease?
Age is a key risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Dr Chiew notes that individuals aged 60 and above are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
However, he also emphasises that many people remain unaware of these two major risk factors for chronic kidney disease: diabetes and hypertension.
“Over the long term, diabetics will have vessel injury. Chronic kidney disease is one of the presentations because the kidney is an organ made up of blood vessels,” explains Dr Chiew.
The same applies to individuals with hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure levels over time can damage blood vessels in the body, including the delicate vessels in the kidney. This gradually impairs their kidney function.
In fact, Dr Chiew highlights some sobering statistics:
- Up to 10 - 50 percent of individuals with diabetes may develop chronic kidney disease
- Approximately 10 - 20 percent of individuals with hypertension are at risk of developing the condition
He also cautioned against certain habits that may increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. This includes:
- Frequent use of kidney-damaging medications (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and supplements from unknown or unverified sources
- Excessive exercise, which increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis (a condition that causes breakdown of muscles, which can potentially lead to kidney failure)
- High protein intake, as excessive consumption can place additional strain on the kidneys. As a general guide, protein intake should be around 1g per 1kg of body weight.
Since Chronic Kidney Disease Often Goes Unnoticed, How Do I Protect Myself?
Because early-stage chronic kidney disease does not present obvious symptoms, Dr Chiew recommends that individuals undergo a basic blood test annually from the age of 20.
“Nowadays, we are seeing a growing trend of younger individuals developing hypertension and diabetes. You’re never too young to start a health examination — the earlier, the better,” he shares.
For those with existing conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, more frequent screening is essential. As a general guide, Dr Chiew recommends the following screening frequencies:
- Individuals with diabetes: Three to four times a year (approximately once every three or four months)
- Individuals with hypertension: Twice a year (approximately once every six months)
That said, more frequent follow-ups are necessary when blood pressure and glucose readings are abnormal. Unstable cases may require weekly or monthly outpatient follow-up with the specialist.
Timely screening plays a crucial role in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Detecting the condition at an earlier stage allows for appropriate intervention, helping to prevent kidney failure.
Take Steps to Safeguard Your Kidney Health
Chronic kidney disease may develop quietly without any warning, but its impact can be life-changing if left to progress to end-stage kidney failure. The good news is that with greater awareness, regular screenings, and proper management of underlying conditions, it is possible for you to protect your kidney health.
As Dr Chiew emphasises, early action makes all the difference. By understanding your risk and taking proactive steps, you can reduce your likelihood of complications, preserve kidney function, and maintain a better quality of life for years to come.
Have concerns about your risk for chronic kidney disease, or think you may be experiencing early symptoms? Schedule a consultation with our kidney specialist today by clicking the button below.
