Burns and scalds are injuries to the body's tissue or skin. Depending on the depth and severity of the injury, they are categorised into three primary degrees.
Overview of Burns
- First Degree:
- Causes damage to the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis.
- Second Degree:
- Results in deeper damage, affecting the layer beneath the epidermis.
- Third Degree:
- Inflicts the most profound damage, destroying all layers of the skin and impacting tissues underneath.
Common Causes of Burns
- Sunlight
- Heat
- Chemicals
- Electricity
- Radiation
Recognising Symptoms of Burns
- General Symptom: Pain.
- First Degree Burns:
- Skin appears red and dry without any blisters.
- Second Degree Burns:
- The skin is wet and red.
- Skin turns pale white upon poking or when pressure is applied.
- Blisters may manifest either immediately or after some time.
- Third Degree Burns:
- Severe burn, marked by a lack of elasticity and no pain sensation.
Immediate and Medical Treatment for Burns
- At the scene of the injury:
- Cool the burned area under cold running water.
- Alternatively, apply a cold-water compress.
- Refrain from breaking any blisters.
- Avoid using toothpaste, ice, fish sauce, or other home remedies.
- Medical attention at the hospital:
- Cleanse the burned area with a saline solution.
- Administer silver sulfadiazine cream to the burn.
- Dressings should be changed every 24-48 hours.
- Regularly provide pain medication and antibiotics if required.
- Wound management is typically overseen by a burn surgeon and dermatologist.
When is Hospitalisation Necessary?
- The burn covers a significant portion of the body.
- The affected individual is below 5 years or above 55 years of age.
- Electrical burns have occurred.
- The presence of certain third-degree burns, especially circumferential burns that wrap around parts like the body, arm, leg, or finger.
- The patient suffers from other severe medical conditions, e.g., diabetes, or if they are on immunosuppressive medications.
Prevention Tips
To prevent burns and related injuries:
- Be cautious when working with hot items or electrical appliances.
