What Are Haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are vascular formations in the anal region. They serve as cushions, aiding in stool control and anal sphincter protection. They turn into a medical condition when inflamed or enlarged.
Types of Haemorrhoids
- External Haemorrhoids: Located outside the anus, they create protruding lumps and are often associated with anal pain and swelling.
- Internal Haemorrhoids: Situated within the anal canal, these are typically characterised by bright red blood in stools.
Stages of Internal Haemorrhoids
- First Stage: Invisible and unfelt.
- Second Stage: Protrude during bowel movements, retracting afterwards.
- Third Stage: Extend out but need manual retraction.
- Fourth Stage: Permanent protrusion, swelling, and discomfort.
Underlying Causes
- Improper bowel movement, such as excessive or prolonged straining or rushing, which puts pressure on the rectum.
- Hardened faeces causing rectal bleeding.
- Chronic diarrhoea or constipation.
- Pregnancy.
Recognisable Symptoms of Haemorrhoids
- Fresh blood observed during defecation.
- Sensation of a lump due to prolapsing swollen veins.
- Anal itching.
- Anal pain due to thrombosed veins.
- Sustained bleeding could result in anaemia and dizziness.
Diagnostic Measures
Should you spot fresh blood whilst defecating, consult a healthcare provider to rule out severe conditions such as cancer. Diagnostics might include an anal examination and, in some instances, a colonoscopy may be necessary.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments:
- Consume high-fiber foods and stay hydrated to soften stools and prevent excessive straining during bowel movements.
- Apply a suppository after a bowel movement or shower. Suppositories are now available in cream form for external use.
- Consider using a rubber band to tie off the hemorrhoid and reduce blood flow to it. This will cause the hemorrhoid to gradually shrink and disappear within 5-10 days. This method is effective for small to medium-sized external hemorrhoids.
- The doctor may administer medication around the blood vessels to induce shrinkage of the hemorrhoid.
- For small hemorrhoids, options such as electricity, lasers, heat, or cold therapy may be recommended.
Surgical Treatments:
- Reserved for severe or last-stage haemorrhoids, offering the quickest relief.
Potential Complications
- Ongoing blood loss may result in anaemia.
Preventive Measures
- Alter eating habits to soften stool.
- Respond to the urge for bowel movement promptly.
- Limit time spent on the toilet.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Eat fibre-rich foods like fruits, leafy vegetables, and grains.
- Consume 6-8 glasses of water daily, while avoiding alcohol.
