When a bone heals incorrectly after a fracture, it can lead to a condition known as a malunion. This can result in the bone becoming deformed, with potential bending, twisting, or rotation, and in some cases, shortening of the affected limb.
Identifying the Symptoms of Malunion
Patients with a malunion fracture often experience a range of symptoms that include:
- Persistent swelling
- Pain, particularly when the limb is bearing weight or is under strain
- Stiffness and discomfort in adjacent joints; for instance, a malunion in the femur (thighbone) may result in knee joint stiffness and pain
- Limb length discrepancy, which can lead to lower back pain due to altered body mechanics
The Risks of Untreated Malunion
Ignoring a malunion fracture can have serious consequences, such as the progressive degeneration of the surrounding joints, which may culminate in a loss of function in the affected limb.
Diagnosing a Malunion Fracture
Accurate diagnosis is critical and typically involves:
- An X-ray to confirm the presence of a malunion
- A CT scan to assess the severity and specifics of the deformity, especially if surgery is being considered
- An MRI to evaluate the condition of cartilage and ligaments when necessary
Approaches to Treatment
Surgical intervention is often the preferred treatment for a malunion. The procedure involves:
- Re-fracturing or cutting the misaligned bone
- Realignment to restore normal or near-normal anatomy
- Lengthening of the bone if necessary to achieve a normal or acceptable limb length
- The use of orthopaedic implants such as plates, screws, rods, or pins to stabilize the bone and maintain proper alignment
By addressing a malunion promptly and effectively, patients can look forward to a return to better function and reduced pain. It's essential for anyone experiencing the symptoms of a malunion to seek medical advice to explore their treatment options.
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