Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) annually affects approximately 142 to 300 individuals per 100,000 people. The risk of VTE notably increases following prolonged air travel, during hospital stays, and post-surgery.
What is Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)?
VTE is a serious condition where a blood clot often forms in the deep veins of the leg, groyne, or arm (referred to as Deep Vein Thrombosis, or DVT) and can travel to the lungs (resulting in a Pulmonary Embolism, or PE).
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more deep veins, often in the legs. It's a concerning condition as the clot can dislodge and move through the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a blockage (Pulmonary Embolism).
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE): This is a blockage in one of the lungs' pulmonary arteries, most commonly due to a blood clot from the deep veins in the legs.
Causes of DVT and PE
- Reduced blood flow, typically from limited movement.
- Blood pooling in a vein.
- Damage to a blood vessel.
- Clotting issues, which may arise from medications, aging, or diseases.
- Vein catheterization.
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Pain in the leg or calf.
- Swelling in the arm, leg, or ankle.
- Hardened, painful vein.
- Skin color change to a dull green.
- Red or discolored skin on the leg.
- Warmth in the affected leg.
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest pain.
- Rapid heartbeat.
- Coughing.
- Feeling lightheaded.
Diagnostic Tests
- Ultrasound Venous Doppler.
- CT scans of the lungs.
Treatment Options for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Anticoagulant medications to prevent or dissolve clots.
- Surgical removal of clots.
Potential Complications
- Respiratory failure.
- Hypoxia (low oxygen levels).
- Cardiac arrest.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension).
Preventative Measures
- Avoid prolonged sitting; move around regularly.
- Minimise risk factors like smoking, dehydration, and physical trauma.
- Use compression stockings to improve blood flow.
- Take the prescribed anticoagulants if recommended.
Advice for Long-Haul Flight Passengers
- Stay hydrated with water and avoid alcohol.
- Move around the cabin hourly.
- Regularly flex your ankles every 15-30 minutes.
- Consider wearing support stockings as advised by your doctor.
